Leaked Russian Cyber-Operations Training Materials

Leaked training materials from Russian cyber-operations have been obtained, detailing a force-generation mechanism for various General Staff components. These components include the GRU, Main Operational Directorate, and 8th Directorate, which handles protected communications, cryptography, and information security. A graduate of Department No. 4 in 2024, Aleksei Kondrashov, has been linked to Military Unit 74455, also known as Sandworm. Sandworm has been associated with destructive cyber activity, including attacks against Ukraine and the 2017 NotPetya attack. The leaked reports do not confirm the involvement of all listed graduates in these activities. The materials provide insight into the training and potential connections of Russian cyber-operatives.